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Working methods Explored databases Electronic search strategies Screening criteria Evaluation criteria Structure of summaries Idiomatic translation Clinical practice Guidelines Evidence Based Not Evidence based Valid instruments for measuring Usefulness of the scales Back pain and physical disability Scales shown; criteria for selection, meaning and use of the provided information Scales to measure pain intensity Scales to measure degree of physical disability Scales to measure quality of life	Back Pain Pain causes How back pain occurs Structural abnormalities of the spine Risk factors for back pain Treatments for back pain Patient information Recommended treatments Evaluate your pain and disability Pain Prevention Following ergonomic and postural hygiene norms General population Back care while lying down. Back care while sitting. Back care while lifting weight. Back care while standing up. Back care while getting up and sitting. Back care while bending. Back care while performing domestic work. Back care while caring for children Older people Back care while lying down. Back care while sitting. Back care while lifting weight. Back care while standing up. Back care while getting up and sitting. Back care while bending. Children and teenagers Back care while lying down Back care while sitting. Back care while lifting weight. Back care while standing up. Back care while getting up and sitting. Back care while bending. Carrying books to school. Housework Back care when performing domestic work. Back care When lifting weight. Back care while caring for children. Workers Back care while sitting Back care When lifting weight Back care while standing up Back care while getting up and sitting Back care while bending Sports Jogging Gym workouts Tennis Squash Swimming Cycling Golf Basketball Soccer Horseback riding Sailing Motorcycle riding Downhill skiing Water skiing Other sports Exercise Keep physically active Keep a positive and courageous Mental attitude Follow other general health norms Back structure and how it functions The vertebral column The vertebrae The intervertebral discs The muscular system The abdominal muscles The paravertebral muscles The Psoas muscle The gluteus The ischiotibial muscles Diagnostic Other diagnostic tests Ergometry Echography (or Sonogram) Thermography Measurement of the degree of activity of Capsaicine sensitive fibers Neurophysiological testing Electromyogram Evoked potentials Radiological texting Plain X-rays CT Scan (Computed Axial Tomography) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Radionuclide imaging Discography Myelography When the doctor must be consulted Exercises Aims of the exercises Rules for performance of exercises Recommendations and precaution Sessions, series, repetitions and intervals Time management of exercise sessions Rules for abdominal exercises Rules for paravertebral exercises Abdominal exercises Lower abdominals Pelvic tilt while standing P elvic tilt in decubitus position Balancing of knees Elevation of knees in suspension Oblique and transversus Crossed abdominal sit-ups Crossed abdominal sit-up with bending of the hip Rotation of pelvis Rotation of trunk in sitting position Rotation of trunk while bending Lateral inclination Upper abdominals Frontal abdominal sit-up Raising of trunk with support Raising of trunk without support Abdominal pull while kneeling Dorsal-lumbar exercises Cross-raising of arm and leg Snake with support Snake without support Bilateral adduction of the arm Hyperextension with support Cervical-dorsal exercises Angled bending of arms in a tanding and and leaning position Neck extension against resistance Neck bending against resistance Inclination of neck against resistance Shoulder raising Shoulder rolls Neck flexion with pulley Neck extension with pulley Neck bending with pulley Neck flexion-lying down Neck extensions from lying face down Neck bending lying on your side Exercises for glutei and quadriceps Hyperextension with support Half squat Dorsal-lumbar stretches Knee embrace Lateral stretch The cat Cervical-dorsal stretches Dorsal stretch Forward flexion of neck Lateral tilting of neck Lateral rotation of nec Rotation of arms Rocking of arms Bilateral retroversion of arms Trunk rotation with one arm Trunk rotation with both arms Ischio-tibial stretches Ischio-tibial stretch in supine position Ischio-tibial stretch in sitting position Your back Schollchildren and adolescent Expecting mothers Parents and grandparents Older people Sedentariness Overweight people Sportsmen and sportswomen People with stress Workers Computer addicts Sick people People who have already had back surgery