Valid instruments for measuring

Cases studies Usefulness of the scales Back pain and physical disability Scales shown; criteria for selection, meaning and use of the provided information Scales to measure pain intensity Scales to measure degree of physical disability Scales to measure quality of life

This section presents the scales which have been demonstrated to be valid and reliable in measuring pain intensity, degree of physical disability and quality of life.

The objective of this section is to provide clinicians and researchers with reliable measuring tools for these areas. The following headings are presented: